![]() Next, to identify the reduced strength of sandwich panels with impact-induced damage, three point flexural tests were conducted for the impacted sandwich panels subjected to incident impact energies in the range of 2.18–8.85 J for SC10 and 2.19–13.1 J for SC20. While such an approach can be fairly effective for assessing the distribution of residual strength of impacted composite materials, the approach does not take into account the distribution of flexural strength in unimpacted materials which may affect the distribution of residual strength, but does use only the residual strength itself. ![]() Also, the authors 8,9 have analyzed the statistical properties of residual strength of composite structures subjected to low velocity impact The random variable was employed to represent the variation of residual strength with incident impact energy, into Caprino's residual strength prediction model, 10 and this model could successfully evaluate the distribution of residual strength in composite materials with impact-induced damage under flexural loading. They have showed that the hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete had some variation in the impact strength but they did not develop statistical model to describe the variation of impact strength. 7 have statistically investigated the first-crack strength, failure strength, and strength reliability of steel–polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete under drop weight impact loading. 6 have shown that compression-after-impact (CAI) strength of glass knitted have a significant scatter, but they also did not examine the probabilistic properties of CAI strength. Shim and Yang 5 have shown that there is some variation in the residual strength of carbon/epoxy laminates with impact damage, but they did not mention the probabilistic characteristics of the residual strength or its mechanism. 4 have shown that there is significant scatter in the residual tensile strength and statistically analyzed the residual tensile strength. It is concluded that the variability in flexural strength reduces as the variation in fibre spatial distribution reduces and that extensive clustering has an adverse effect on the effective resistance provided by fibres.To address this, many pieces of research have analyzed the statistical behavior of composite materials with impact-induced damage. The findings of the study highlight the role of fibre length and content on the spatial distribution of fibres and it is revealed that the sectional uniformity, inter-batch spatial variability, and degree of clustering are dependent on the number of fibres in the cross section.įurthermore, the results demonstrate the substantial influence of fibre distribution on the flexural performance of FRC. An alternative approach was developed and used to compare the spatial metrics resulting from the Voronoi approach. A geometric descriptor of fibre spacing was defined using Voronoi diagrams generated from image data and employed in a unique approach developed for quantifying fibre spatial characteristics. Spatial distribution was explored by evaluating the uniformity of fibres across a section, the inter-batch variability of fibre distribution, and the degree of clustering. An image processing algorithm was developed to automatically extract the fibre locations that were used to describe the fibre spatial characteristics. Flexural response was obtained using three-point bending tests on notched specimen, after which each specimen was cut adjacent to the crack plane and prepared for image analysis. The experimental framework considered two hook-ended steel fibres with different lengths incorporated into a 50 MPa concrete mixture at volume contents ranging from 40 kg/m3 to 120 kg/m3. The study was aimed at not only investigating the influence of fibre distribution on flexural performance but also evaluating the effect of fibre length and volume content on the fibre spatial characteristics. A thorough understanding of the influence of fibre spatial distribution on composite performance is the first step in incorporating fibre distribution into material and structural design procedures and aids the pursuit of effective and optimal implementation of FRC in practice. This research is focussed on the spatial distribution of fibres and the way it affects flexural performance. Although the benefits of implementing FRC are evident, the high variability associated with FRC has frequently been cited as a characteristic stunting vast structural application of the material. The resulting composite has enhanced toughness and impact resistance and is broadly referred to as Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (FRC). The addition of discontinuous discrete fibres to concrete has repeatedly been shown as an effective method to overcome the inherently brittle nature of concrete.
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